The Horn of Africa (HoA) countries have been long confronted with recurrent and multifaceted challenges centered on adverse climate impact and frequent conflicts that have contributed to endemic food insecurity, low economic growth trajectory, and humanitarian crisis. In 2025 the sub region has been faced, once again, by severe drought that has led to massive displacement in many parts of the pastoral and agro-pastoral zones of the region. In addition, widespread humanitarian challenges are being confronted across member states by the devastating civil war in the Sudan, long lasting political crisis in Somalia and South Sudan, and instability in parts of Ethiopia. The recurring and frequent droughts and the conflicts are major drivers of widespread food insecurity, displacement and significant economic losses.

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